Does Education Increase Risk Aversion in Households? Some Evidence Using Artefactual Experiments in Peru

Authors

  • Alberto Chong Georgia State University and Universidad del Pacifico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-5386
  • Joan Martinez University of California, Berkeley

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47872/laer.v30.22

Keywords:

Experiments, Surveys, Risk Attitudes, Education, Latin America

Abstract

We provide empirical evidence that supports a causal link from education to risk attitudes when using representative data from representative surveys and artefactual or lab-on-the field experiments in Lima, Peru. We employ three standard experimental measures of risk attitudes and find that each of them is positively correlated with years of education. We suggest that this relationship may be causal as we take advantage of an identification strategy that exploits an exogenous boom in construction of new schools in Lima, which allows us to provide evidence that, in fact, more education may increase risk attitudes.  Our findings are further confirmed when applying a broad set of robustness tests.

References

Arregui, P. (2000) "Las Políticas Educativas Durante los Noventa en el Perú: Resultados y Pendientes" Tarea: Revista de Educación y Cultura 46:7-11.

Balarin, M. (2015) “The default privatization of Peruvian education and the rise of low-fee private schools: Better or worse opportunities for the poor?” London: Open Societies Foundation (OSF). Retrieved from: http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/123456789/3633

Baldwin, J. (1955) “Notes of a Native Son”, Beacon Press, First Edition, New York, NY.

Barr, A. (2003) “Risk Pooling, Commitment, and Information: An Experimental Test of Two Fundamental Assumptions, Working Paper 187, Oxford University.

Belzil, C. and M. Leonardi (2007) “Can Risk Aversion Explain Schooling Attainments? Evidence From Italy”, Labour Economics, 14, 6: 957-970.

Binswanger, H. (1980), “Attitudes Towards Risk: Experimental Evidence from Rural India”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 62: 395-407.

Blow, C. (2016) “Stop Bernie-Splaining to Black Voters”, New York Times, February 10th, B21.

Breen, R., H. van de Werfhorst, and M. Meier Jaeger (2014) “Deciding Under Doubt: A Theory of Risk Aversion, Time Discounting Preferences, and Educational Decision Making”, European Sociological Review, 30, 2: 258-270

Brodaty, T., R. Gary-Bobo, and A. Prieto (2014) “Do Risk Aversion and Wages Explain Occupational Choices?”, Journal of Public Economics, 117: 125-148

Caliendo, M., F. Fossen and A. Kritikos, (2009). Risk Attitudes of Nascent Entrepreneurs–New Evidence from an Experimentally Validated Survey, Small Business Economics, 32(2), 153-167.

Candelo, N., S. Polania, (2008). "Methodological Steps and Experimental Design to Measure Social Capital and Collective Action in Six Latin American Cities" Serie Documentos Cede, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá.

Cardenas, J., A. Chong, and H. Nopo (2009) “To What Extent Do Latin Americans Trust, Reciprocate, and Cooperate? Evidence from Experiments in Six Latin American Countries” Economia, 9, 2: 45-88.

Cardenas, J., A. Chong, and H. Nopo (2013) “Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples” Journal of Development Economics, 104: 16-33

Dohmen, T., A. Falk, D. Huffman, and U. Sunde (2010) “Are Risk Aversion and Impatience Related to Cognitive Ability?” American Economic Review 100:1238-60.

Donkers, B., B. Melenberg and A. Van Soest, “Estimating Risk Attitudes using Lotteries: A Large Sample Approach,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 22 (2001), 165–95.

Du Bois, F., (2004) “Programas Sociales, Salud y Educación en el Perú: Un Balance de las Políticas Sociales” Lima: Instituto Peruano de Economía Social de Mercado, Fundación Konrad Adenauer.

Gould, E., B. Weinberg and D. Mustard (2002) “Crime Rates and Local Labor Market Opportunities in the United States: 1979–1997”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.

Halek, M., and J. Eisenhauer (2001) “Demography of Risk Aversion”, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1-24.

Hardeweg, B., L. Menkhoff and H. Waibel (2013) “Experimentally Validated Survey: Evidence on Individual Risk Attitudes in Rural Thailand”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 61(4), 859-888.

Harrison, G., M. Lau, and E. Rutström (2007) “Estimating Risk Attitudes in Denmark: A Field Experiment”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 109:341-68.

Hartlaub, V. and T. Schneider (2012) “Educational Choice and Risk Aversion: How Important is Structural Vs. Individual Risk Aversion?” Working Paper, DIW Berlin.

Hartog, J., A. Ferrer-i-Carbonell and N. Jonker (2002) “Linking Measured risk Aversion to Individual Characteristics”, Kyklos, 55: 3–26.

Hryshko, D., M. Luengo-Prado, and B. Sørensen (2011) “Childhood Determinants of Risk Aversion: Long Shadow of Compulsory Education”, Quantitative Economics, 2: 37-72

Huang, J., H. van den Brink, and W. Groot (2009) “A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Education on Social Capital”, Economics of Education Review, 28(4), 454-464.

Huang, J., H. van den Brink and W. Groot (2012) “Does Education Promote Social Capital? Evidence from IV Analysis and Nonparametric-Bound Analysis”, Empirical Economics, 42(3), 1011-1034.

Jung, S. (2014) “Does Education Affect Risk Aversion? Evidence From the British Education Reform”, Working Paper, Université de Cergy Pontoise.

Kahneman, D. and A. Tversky (eds.) (2000) Choices, values, and frames. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.

Lochner, L., and E. Moretti (2001) “The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-Reports”, NBER Working Paper 8605.

Ministry of Education of Peru (2017) National School Census, 2008-2013

Outreville, J. (2015) “The Relationship Between Relative Risk Aversion and the Level of Education: A Survey and Implications for the Demand for Life Insurance”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 29(1), 97-111.

Riley Jr., W., and K. Chow (1992) “Asset Allocation and Individual Risk Aversion”, Financial Analysts Journal, 48(6), 32-37.

Downloads

Published

2021-09-20

Issue

Section

Regular articles

How to Cite

Does Education Increase Risk Aversion in Households? Some Evidence Using Artefactual Experiments in Peru. (2021). Latin American Economic Review, 30, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.47872/laer.v30.22